FS450R12KE3/AGDR-71C 变频器

FS450R12KE3/AGDR-71C 变频器IGBT功率模块ACS800系列315kw驱动板

产品详情资料

分散控制系统(DCS)的主要作用是对生产过程进行控制、监视、管理和决策，因此具有很高的可靠性，才能保证工厂的、经济运行。随着大规模计算机系统和计算机通信网络的不断发展，可靠性问题己经成为一个十分重要的问题，其理论也在这种形势下不断地发展和完善。可靠性技术的研究内容大致分为四个方面：可靠性设计、可靠性分析、可靠性试验、可靠性管理。

　　一、DCS系统的可靠性措施

　　在DCS系统中，采用了许多提高可靠性的技术措施。这些技术措施是建立在以下四种基本思想上的：

　　①使系统本身不易发生故障，即所谓的故障预防。

　　②在系统发生故障时尽可能减少故障所造成的影响，即所谓的故障保安和故障弱化。

　　③当系统发生故障时，能够让系统继续运行，即所谓的故障容错。

　　④当系统发生故障时，可以在不停止系统运行的情况下进行维修，即所谓的在线维修。

　　基于这四种基本思想，DCS系统中采用了各种各样的可靠性措施降低事故的发生及所造成的损失。

　　1、质量管理和提高系统硬件水平

　　为了实现DCS系统的硬件可靠，DCS系统的制造商采取了一系列提高硬件质量的措施，如对元器件进行严格的筛选、老化元器件的降额使用、充分考虑到参数变化的影响、采用低功耗元件、采用噪声抑制技术等。

2、DCS系统现场设计的可靠性措施

　　DCS出现问题后，将会有无法操作、无法监视等造成设备失控的情况出现。轻者出现设备停运影响经济效益，重者危及人身和设备的。所以在设计中要根据现场的具体情况认真的考虑系统以下几点可靠性：

　　(1)电源系统

　　DCS系统的供电系统是其运行的基础，电源负荷不要超过60%，以免电源高负荷运行。同时要考虑用的电源，一般采用UPS电源，采用两台UPS互为备用好，一台出现故障后备用机能够无扰切换，提高电源的可靠性。UPS输入电源不要采用电气的同一母线，要根据电气厂用接线取可靠性高的不同母线段电源，这样保证电气一段母线出现问题后不会影响DCS系统的电源。

　　DCS电源系统(UPS、电源柜等)在现场安装时要安装在满足无尘、无振动、防腐等要求的电子设备间内，同时安装完毕通电前把电缆孔封堵，以防泄漏蒸汽从电缆孔进入电源系统造成电源短路。在DCS电源上电后，要在UPS、电源柜等设备上挂“设备带电运行禁止操作”标识牌，更不准可以在DCS电源系统上接入与DCS系统无关的负载，如检修电源、检修照明、充电设备、空调等。

　　(2)冗余系统

　　现场考虑人们有必要对重要的I/O模块进行冗余，同时考虑操作员站的N:1冗余结构，这样避免由于卡件或操作员站出现硬件故障造成设备停运。

　　(3)采用后备措施

　　①手动后备

　　对于重要的控制回路，可以采用手动后备的方法来提高可靠性。一旦自动控制失灵，用手动操作站直接进行操作，在这种情况下，手动操作站直接输出4～20mA或1～5V的模拟量信号去控制执行机构或直接接地进行设备的操作，可以手动控制生产过程。

　　②自动后备

　　自动后备是采用冗余的方式设置另外一套或几套备用控制装置。当处于运行状态的自动控制装置发生故障时，备用控制装置自动投入，维持系统的自动控制。自动后备是冗余系统的一种形式，冗余有主控单元冗余、电源系统冗余、网络冗余、I/O模块冗余、操作员站冗余、服务器冗余等。运行设备出现故障时，热备设备会自动无扰的运行，同时不影响对故障设备的检修。

英文产品详细信息

The main function of a distributed control system (DCS) is to control, monitor, manage, and make decisions during the production process. Therefore, it must have high reliability to ensure the safe and economic operation of the factory. With the continuous development of large-scale computer systems and computer communication networks, reliability has become a very important issue, and its theory has also been continuously developed and improved in this situation. The research content of reliability technology can be roughly divided into four aspects: reliability design, reliability analysis, reliability testing, and reliability management.

1、 Reliability Measures for DCS System

In the DCS system, many technical measures have been adopted to improve reliability. These technical measures are based on the following four basic ideas:

① Making the system itself less prone to malfunctions is known as fault prevention.

② When a system malfunctions, minimize the impact of the malfunction as much as possible, known as fault security and fault weakening.

③ When a system malfunctions, it can continue to operate, known as fault tolerance.

④ When a system malfunctions, maintenance can be carried out without stopping the system operation, known as online maintenance.

Based on these four basic ideas, various reliability measures have been adopted in the DCS system to reduce the occurrence of accidents and the resulting losses.

1. Quality management and improvement of system hardware level

In order to achieve hardware reliability of the DCS system, manufacturers of the DCS system have taken a series of measures to improve hardware quality, such as strict screening of components, derating of aging components, fully considering the impact of parameter changes, using low-power components, and adopting noise suppression technology.

2. Reliability measures for on-site design of DCS system

After DCS issues occur, there will be situations where equipment cannot be operated or monitored, resulting in loss of control. In light cases, equipment shutdown may affect economic benefits, while in severe cases, it may endanger personal and equipment safety. So in the design, the following reliability points of the system must be carefully considered based on the specific situation on site:

(1) Power system

The power supply system of the DCS system is the foundation of its operation, and the power load should not exceed 60% to avoid high load operation of the power supply. At the same time, it is necessary to consider using high-quality power supply, generally using UPS power supply. It is best to use two UPS as backup for each other, and one backup machine can switch without disturbance in case of a fault, improving the reliability of the power supply. The UPS input power supply should not use the same electrical busbar. It is necessary to choose different bus section power supplies with high reliability according to the electrical factory wiring, so as to ensure that the power supply of the DCS system will not be affected if there is a problem with the electrical busbar section.

When installing the DCS power supply system (UPS, power cabinet, etc.) on site, it should be installed in an electronic equipment room that meets the requirements of dust-free, vibration free, and anti-corrosion. At the same time, after installation, the cable holes should be sealed before power on to prevent leakage steam from entering the power supply system through the cable holes and causing power short circuits. After powering on the DCS power supply, a "No operation allowed for live operation of equipment" sign should be hung on equipment such as UPS and power cabinet, and it is not allowed to connect loads unrelated to the DCS system, such as maintenance power supply, lighting, charging equipment, air conditioning, etc., to the DCS power supply system.

(2) Redundant system

On site, it is necessary to consider the redundancy of important I/O modules, while also considering the N: 1 redundancy structure of the operator station, in order to avoid equipment shutdown caused by hardware failures of cards or operator stations.

(3) Adopting backup measures

① Manual backup

For important control circuits, manual backup methods can be used to improve reliability. Once the automatic control fails, the manual operation station can be used for direct operation. In this case, the manual operation station can directly output 4-20mA or 1-5V analog signals to control the actuator or directly ground the equipment for operation, which can manually control the production process.

② Automatic backup

Automatic backup is the use of redundancy to set up another set or several sets of backup control devices. When the automatic control device in operation malfunctions, the backup control device automatically switches on to maintain automatic control of the system. Automatic backup is a form of redundant system, which includes redundancy in the main control unit, power supply system, network, I/O module, operator station, and server. When there is a malfunction in the operating equipment, the hot standby equipment will automatically operate undisturbed without affecting the maintenance of the faulty equipment.

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